CPI Data Quality Declining

Apollo Chief Economist

To calculate CPI inflation, BLS teams collect about 90,000 price quotes every month covering 200 different item categories, and there are several hundred field collectors active across 75 urban areas.

When data is not available, BLS staff typically develop estimates for approximately 10% of the cells in the CPI calculation. However, in May, the share of data in the CPI that is estimated increased to 30%, see chart below.

In other words, almost a third of the prices going into the CPI at the moment are guesses based on other data collections in the CPI.

Significant increase in the share of alternate estimation in the CPI
Note: Different cell imputation is where uncollected prices are imputed from collected prices of the same item in other geographic areas or from collected prices of related item categories in the same geographic area. Sources: BLS, Apollo Chief Economist

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