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Home December 2024

Demystifying the Opportunity in Investment Grade Private Credit

Apollo believes Investment Grade Private Credit (Private IG) is a growing part of the credit market that has the potential to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns but has been overlooked because it doesn’t fit neatly into the current asset allocation framework. Investing in Private IG offers, in our view, several potential advantages, including higher spread premia, lower historical losses, enhanced seniority and downside protection and greater diversification within an investment portfolio. We also believe that the critical need to guarantee retirement income should create opportunities for investors to access Private IG in a prudent way to enhance the return potential of their fixed income portfolios.

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Key Takeaways

  • Investment Grade Private Credit is a growing part of the credit market that has evolved over the past 15 years from predominantly corporate private placements to a much broader investable universe that spans both asset-backed finance and bespoke corporate financing solutions, with an estimated addressable market of $40 trillion.
  • We believe Investment Grade Private Credit offers attractive risk-adjusted returns but has been overlooked because it doesn’t fit neatly into the current asset allocation framework, which has not kept up with the pace of innovation in credit markets.
  • The conventional assumption that private investments inherently carry more risk than public investments-in terms of liquidity, transparency, regulation, and issuer quality – is growing increasingly outmoded, in our view. The clearest rebuttal to this assertion is the decision by many of the largest issuers of public investment grade bonds to diversify their capital sources by tapping the private credit markets. We believe that the two markets are converging and increasingly carry similar risk profiles.
  • In our view, Investment Grade Private Credit offers several attractive characteristics, including higher spread premia, lower historical losses, enhanced seniority and downside protection, as well as greater diversification within an investment portfolio.

We believe that a key pillar of growth for Investment Grade Private Credit is the critical need to support retirement income. As retirement portfolios are often weighted toward fixed income, enhancing the return profile of a retirement fixed income portfolio with Investment Grade Private Credit can play an important role in helping to address the financial challenges facing future retirees.

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The information herein is provided for educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial or investment advice, nor should any information in this document be relied on when making an investment decision. Opinions and views expressed reflect the current opinions and views of the authors and Apollo Analysts as of the date hereof and are subject to change. Please see the end of this document for important disclosure information.


Important Disclosure Information

This presentation is for educational purposes only and should not be treated as research. This presentation may not be distributed, transmitted or otherwise communicated to others, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Apollo Global Management, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Apollo”).

The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are the views and opinions of the author(s) of the White Paper. They do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Apollo and are subject to change at any time without notice. Further, Apollo and its affiliates may have positions (long or short) or engage in securities transactions that are not consistent with the information and views expressed in this presentation. There can be no assurance that an investment strategy will be successful. Historic market trends are not reliable indicators of actual future market behavior or future performance of any particular investment which may differ materially, and should not be relied upon as such. Target allocations contained herein are subject to change. There is no assurance that the target allocations will be achieved, and actual allocations may be significantly different than that shown here. This presentation does not constitute an offer of any service or product of Apollo. It is not an invitation by or on behalf of Apollo to any person to buy or sell any security or to adopt any investment strategy, and shall not form the basis of, nor may it accompany nor form part of, any right or contract to buy or sell any security or to adopt any investment strategy. Nothing herein should be taken as investment advice or a recommendation to enter into any transaction.

Hyperlinks to third-party websites in this presentation are provided for reader convenience only. There can be no assurance that any trends discussed herein will continue. Unless otherwise noted, information included herein is presented as of the dates indicated. This presentation is not complete and the information contained herein may change at any time without notice. Apollo does not have any responsibility to update the presentation to account for such changes. Apollo has not made any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to fairness, correctness, accuracy, reasonableness, or completeness of any of the information contained herein, and expressly disclaims any responsibility or liability therefore. The information contained herein is not intended to provide, and should not be relied upon for, accounting, legal or tax advice or investment recommendations. Investors should make an independent investigation of the information contained herein, including consulting their tax, legal, accounting or other advisors about such information. Apollo does not act for you and is not responsible for providing you with the protections afforded to its clients.

Certain information contained herein may be “forward-looking” in nature. Due to various risks and uncertainties, actual events or results may differ materially from those reflected or contemplated in such forward-looking information. As such, undue reliance should not be placed on such information. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terminology including, but not limited to, “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “target”, “project”, “estimate”, “intend”, “continue” or “believe” or the negatives thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology.

The Standard & Poor’s 500 (“S&P 500”) Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of the 500 largest U.S. publicly traded companies by market value.

Additional information may be available upon request.

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Returns Have Been Higher in Private Credit

Comparing returns across different types of fixed income shows that private credit has been outperforming other strategies, see chart below.

Private credit outperforming other types of fixed income
Note: Indices used: ICE BofA indices for US IG Corporate, US HY Corporate, and Treasuries, Morningstar LSTA US Leveraged Loan for leveraged loans, and private credit from Preqin. Source: Bloomberg, Preqin, ICE BofA, Apollo Chief Economist

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Private Credit: An Enduring Opportunity in Dynamic Market Cycles

Market participants often ask why large corporate borrowers would choose a private solution for financing rather than the public markets, especially in the current environment. In this paper, we answer that question and explore the lasting power of private credit, the landscape of the debt markets, potential opportunities, and pitfalls to avoid.

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Key Takeaways

  • We continue to see increasing demand for large-scale direct lending, highlighting the enduring nature of private credit. The opportunity to lend to larger businesses on a first-lien, senior-secured basis at attractive yields continues to grow as corporate borrowers seek bespoke solutions and diverse funding sources.
  • Despite the Federal Reserve’s shift to easing monetary policy, we expect interest rates to stay higher for longer on a relative basis. An environment of sustained higher interest rates can enhance opportunities in direct lending, which are often floating rate instruments. Additionally, private credit continues to generate incremental spread over public credit, and we expect that to remain the case for the foreseeable future.
  • We believe that the opportunity to provide private capital to borrowers may be enhanced as dealmaking activity picks up further in light of potentially less-stringent regulatory policies from the incoming US administration.
  • Even as public debt markets have seen a resurgence, we believe both the public and private debt markets will continue to grow and coexist. We do not see it as an either/or opportunity. Rather, the key benefits private credit can offer—e.g., customization, speed, and certainty of execution—have become an integral part of the menu of credit solutions available to large borrowers.
  • In our view, private credit is not inherently more risky compared with public debt markets. Private transactions are generally negotiated on a bilateral basis and allow lenders to secure stronger legal and contractual protections.
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The information herein is provided for educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial or investment advice, nor should any information in this document be relied on when making an investment decision. Opinions and views expressed reflect the current opinions and views of the authors and Apollo Analysts as of the date hereof and are subject to change. Please see the end of this document for important disclosure information.


Important Disclosure Information

This presentation is for educational purposes only and should not be treated as research. This presentation may not be distributed, transmitted or otherwise communicated to others, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Apollo Global Management, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Apollo”).

The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are the views and opinions of the author(s) of the White Paper. They do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Apollo and are subject to change at any time without notice. Further, Apollo and its affiliates may have positions (long or short) or engage in securities transactions that are not consistent with the information and views expressed in this presentation. There can be no assurance that an investment strategy will be successful. Historic market trends are not reliable indicators of actual future market behavior or future performance of any particular investment which may differ materially, and should not be relied upon as such. Target allocations contained herein are subject to change. There is no assurance that the target allocations will be achieved, and actual allocations may be significantly different than that shown here. This presentation does not constitute an offer of any service or product of Apollo. It is not an invitation by or on behalf of Apollo to any person to buy or sell any security or to adopt any investment strategy, and shall not form the basis of, nor may it accompany nor form part of, any right or contract to buy or sell any security or to adopt any investment strategy. Nothing herein should be taken as investment advice or a recommendation to enter into any transaction.

Hyperlinks to third-party websites in this presentation are provided for reader convenience only. There can be no assurance that any trends discussed herein will continue. Unless otherwise noted, information included herein is presented as of the dates indicated. This presentation is not complete and the information contained herein may change at any time without notice. Apollo does not have any responsibility to update the presentation to account for such changes. Apollo has not made any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to fairness, correctness, accuracy, reasonableness, or completeness of any of the information contained herein, and expressly disclaims any responsibility or liability therefore. The information contained herein is not intended to provide, and should not be relied upon for, accounting, legal or tax advice or investment recommendations. Investors should make an independent investigation of the information contained herein, including consulting their tax, legal, accounting or other advisors about such information. Apollo does not act for you and is not responsible for providing you with the protections afforded to its clients.

Certain information contained herein may be “forward-looking” in nature. Due to various risks and uncertainties, actual events or results may differ materially from those reflected or contemplated in such forward-looking information. As such, undue reliance should not be placed on such information. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terminology including, but not limited to, “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “target”, “project”, “estimate”, “intend”, “continue” or “believe” or the negatives thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology.

The Standard & Poor’s 500 (“S&P 500”) Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of the 500 largest U.S. publicly traded companies by market value.

Additional information may be available upon request.

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France: Stock Market Underperforming

The stock market in France is significantly underperforming the stock markets in Germany and the US, see chart below.

French stock market significantly underperforming Germany and the US
Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist

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2025 Economic Outlook: Firing on All Cylinders

The US economy has charted its own path in the post-pandemic world and is expected to continue to do so in 2025. Why? First, the economy has proven much less sensitive to interest rate hikes than in years past. Second, the US is experiencing a surge in corporate and research spending on the back of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) boom. And third, fiscal policy has been much more stimulative than anywhere else in the world. We see strong GDP growth, moderate unemployment, and persistent inflation in 2025. We believe the Fed will lower interest rates at a slower pace than the market expects.

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Key Takeaways

  • The outlook for the US economy remains strong with no signs of a major slowdown going into 2025. We continue to see interest rates staying higher for longer on a relative basis, regardless of the Federal Reserve’s ongoing monetary easing campaign.
  • It is too early to assess the impact of potential new policies following Donald Trump’s election as US president. That said, if implemented, his key policy objectives—lower taxes, higher tariffs, and reduced immigration—could increase rates, boost asset prices, drive inflation, and strengthen the dollar.
  • The US economy has charted its own path in the post-pandemic world, and it is diverging from both its own historical performance in a context of higher rates as well as its historical correlation to other developed economies, especially Europe and Japan. We see this trend continuing in 2025.
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The information herein is provided for educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial or investment advice, nor should any information in this document be relied on when making an investment decision. Opinions and views expressed reflect the current opinions and views of the authors and Apollo Analysts as of the date hereof and are subject to change. Please see the end of this document for important disclosure information.


Important Disclosure Information

This presentation is for educational purposes only and should not be treated as research. This presentation may not be distributed, transmitted or otherwise communicated to others, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Apollo Global Management, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Apollo”).

The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are the views and opinions of the author(s) of the White Paper. They do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Apollo and are subject to change at any time without notice. Further, Apollo and its affiliates may have positions (long or short) or engage in securities transactions that are not consistent with the information and views expressed in this presentation. There can be no assurance that an investment strategy will be successful. Historic market trends are not reliable indicators of actual future market behavior or future performance of any particular investment which may differ materially, and should not be relied upon as such. Target allocations contained herein are subject to change. There is no assurance that the target allocations will be achieved, and actual allocations may be significantly different than that shown here. This presentation does not constitute an offer of any service or product of Apollo. It is not an invitation by or on behalf of Apollo to any person to buy or sell any security or to adopt any investment strategy, and shall not form the basis of, nor may it accompany nor form part of, any right or contract to buy or sell any security or to adopt any investment strategy. Nothing herein should be taken as investment advice or a recommendation to enter into any transaction.

Hyperlinks to third-party websites in this presentation are provided for reader convenience only. There can be no assurance that any trends discussed herein will continue. Unless otherwise noted, information included herein is presented as of the dates indicated. This presentation is not complete and the information contained herein may change at any time without notice. Apollo does not have any responsibility to update the presentation to account for such changes. Apollo has not made any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to fairness, correctness, accuracy, reasonableness, or completeness of any of the information contained herein, and expressly disclaims any responsibility or liability therefore. The information contained herein is not intended to provide, and should not be relied upon for, accounting, legal or tax advice or investment recommendations. Investors should make an independent investigation of the information contained herein, including consulting their tax, legal, accounting or other advisors about such information. Apollo does not act for you and is not responsible for providing you with the protections afforded to its clients.

Certain information contained herein may be “forward-looking” in nature. Due to various risks and uncertainties, actual events or results may differ materially from those reflected or contemplated in such forward-looking information. As such, undue reliance should not be placed on such information. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terminology including, but not limited to, “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “target”, “project”, “estimate”, “intend”, “continue” or “believe” or the negatives thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology.

The Standard & Poor’s 500 (“S&P 500”) Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of the 500 largest U.S. publicly traded companies by market value.

Additional information may be available upon request.

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A Comprehensive Plan for the US Economy

Simulations on the Penn Wharton Budget Model show that, over a 30-year period, it is possible to generate a 38% reduction in federal debt, push GDP higher by 21%, reduce health insurance premiums by 27%, and produce almost universal health insurance enrollment.

What is required to achieve these results is boosting capital, labor, and productivity, while reducing regulation and providing incentives for growth.

Specifically, key policy changes:

– Tax system: Tax capital gains and dividends at ordinary rates and reduce tax rates to 28% versus 37% by eliminating most deductions. At this lower rate, ordinary/capital distinctions no longer matter.

– Entitlements: Protect those 50 and over but raise the full-benefit Social Security retirement age from 67 to 70, raise the Medicare eligibility age from 65 to 67, and convert Medicare to premium support.

– Immigration: Broad-based reform that requires new immigrants to pay taxes and purchase health insurance without government subsidy. 

For more details see here.

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Strong Demand for Credit Coming from Record-High Annuity Sales

Annuity sales are almost double their pre-pandemic levels because of higher interest rates. And strong annuity sales create strong demand for credit, see chart below.

Annuity sales have doubled since the Fed raised interest rates
Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist

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Will the Fed Hike in 2025?

GDP growth in the third quarter came in at 2.8%, and the Atlanta Fed estimates GDP growth in the fourth quarter will be 3.3%, well above the CBO’s 2% estimate of long-run growth in the US, see the first chart below. In other words, momentum in the economy is strong, and the incoming administration may add additional tailwinds to the outlook.

Combined with the recent uptrend in inflation, the probability is rising that the Fed may have to raise interest rates in 2025, see the second chart.

In other words, a repeat of what we saw in the mid-1990s, where the Fed, after a few cuts, started raising interest rates again. Our weekly chart book with high-frequency indicators for the US economy is available here.

The Fed started raising interest rates in March 2022: What happened to long and variable lags?
Source: BEA, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist

Is core inflation starting to move higher again?
Source: BEA, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist

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No Plaza Accord Today

The Plaza Accord was a meeting held in September 1985 at the Plaza Hotel, where the G7 countries agreed to intervene in FX markets to depreciate the US dollar, see chart below. We will not see a repeat of the Plaza Accord today for two reasons. First, the dollar is far from the levels of appreciation seen in the mid-1980s. Second, the economic outlook for Europe, the UK, Canada, and Australia is weak, and the rest of the G7 wants to continue to depreciate their exchange rates to boost their exports.

No repeat of the Plaza Accord today. The dollar is too low relative to where it was in 1985. And the rest of the G7 wants a weak exchange rate to boost exports.
Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist

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The New Industrial Renaissance

A new industrial renaissance has started, driven by industrial policies, see charts below and our chart book available here.

Types of industrial policies
Source: Apollo Chief Economist, OECD
US manufacturing capacity increasing
Note: SIC = Standard Industrial Classification. Source: Federal Reserve Board, National Bureau of Economic Research, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist
The Industrial Renaissance: Digital Infrastructure, Energy Transition, and Power

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