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Home December 2025

Credit Metrics Continue to Improve

Not only are default rates trending lower, but the number of distressed exchanges has also started declining, see chart below.

Distressed exchanges starting to come down
Sources: PitchBook, Apollo Chief Economist

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Wages Have Grown Faster Than Consumer Prices

When discussing affordability, it is important to note that while the CPI price level has increased 26% since 2019, wages have increased 30%, see chart below.

Wages have grown faster than inflation
Sources: US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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Yen Much Weaker Than Interest Rate Differentials Would Have Predicted

Over the past six months, the yen has traded much weaker than interest rate differentials alone would suggest, indicating that growing concerns about Japan’s fiscal position in a rising rate environment are starting to dominate.

USDJPY decoupling from interest rate differentials
Sources: Bloomberg, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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Continued Strong Foreign Demand for US Assets

Despite the turbulence surrounding Liberation Day in April, foreign investors ended up buying more US assets in 2025 than in 2024, see chart below.

Higher foreign demand for US assets in 2025 than in 2024
Note: 2025 data is annualized. Sources: US Department of Treasury, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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AI’s Growing Share in Public Credit Markets

AI-related companies now represent an increasing share of investment-grade indexes, see chart below.

AI-related IG issuance has jumped from 7% in 2024 to 14% in 2025
Sources: PitchBook, Apollo Chief Economist

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Monetary and Fiscal Policy More Closely Connected

With a steep yield curve, governments are issuing more short‑dated paper to minimize debt‑servicing costs. As a result, the average maturity of the sovereign bond index is declining rapidly, see chart below.

The consequence is that monetary and fiscal policy have become more tightly linked, because a lower maturity makes government interest expenses more sensitive to central bank rate decisions.

The maturity of the Global Agg Treasury Index has declined significantly in recent years
Sources: Bloomberg, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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German Exports to China Declining as a Share of German GDP

Germany’s exports to China have declined relative to GDP, while China’s exports to Germany have remained stable relative to GDP, see chart below.

Germany’s exports to China declining as a share of German GDP
Sources: German Federal Statistics Office (Statistisches Bundesamt), Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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Note: The Daily Spark will resume on December 26.

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Rates Higher for Longer Continues

Fiscal and inflation worries are putting upward pressure on long-term interest rates across the G3, and these concerns are not going away anytime soon, see chart below.

The bottom line is that long-term interest rates are going to stay higher for longer and investors should plan accordingly.

10-year government bond yields for the US, Germany and Japan
Sources: US Department of Treasury, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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A Trump Account for Children Under 18

The One Big Beautiful Bill includes a Trump Account, which is a new tax‑advantaged, long‑term investment account created for children under 18. Accounts can be opened starting July 4, 2026. They are designed to help families build savings for a child’s future such as education, a first home or starting a business using tax‑deferred investment growth, see overview below.

A Trump account: Overview
Source: Apollo Chief Economist

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Public Markets Are More Exposed to AI Than Ever Before

Investing in a 60/40 portfolio in 2019 and leaving it would have made it an 80/20 portfolio in 2025 because of the dramatic increase in the stock prices of the Magnificent Seven, see chart below.

Similarly, as hyperscalers issue more debt, the weight of AI is also growing in the public IG index.

The bottom line is that investors in public equities and public credit are more exposed to AI than ever before.

A 60/40 portfolio in 2019 has turned into an 80/20 in 2025
Note: Stock portfolio is invested in the S&P 500 Index, and bond portfolio is invested in the Bloomberg US Aggregate Bond Index. Sources: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist

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