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Home June 2025

Record-High Foreign Exposure to US Duration in Treasury Markets

Foreigners have record-high exposure to long-dated US government bonds. Specifically, foreigners have increased their share of holdings of US Treasuries with a maturity greater than 10 years, see chart below.

As a result, foreign portfolios of US Treasuries are more vulnerable to the ongoing rise in long-term interest rates.

Why have foreigners over the past decade increased their exposure to US duration? Because of the prolonged period of low and negative interest rates in Europe and Japan. Global investors like high nominal yields.

Foreigners have record-high exposure to duration in US Treasury markets
Sources: US Treasury, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist

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Europe Far Behind When It Comes to Securitization

In the United States, the securitization market is 50% of GDP. In Europe, securitization markets are only 7% of GDP, see chart below.

Expanding the securitization market in Europe would unlock significant GDP growth in Europe.

The securitization market is very small in Europe
Sources: SIFMA, AFME, Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist 

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Outlook for China

Our latest outlook for China is available here.

The consensus predicts a decline in China’s growth from its current rate of around 5% to 4% next year.

The forces pulling growth down are the ongoing trade war with the US, the deflating housing bubble, and demographic headwinds as the lagged effects of the one-child policy continue to shrink the working-age population. 

Outlook for China
Housing market cooling in China
Sources: Bloomberg, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist
China: Market capitalization of real estate developers has declined significantly
Sources: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist (Data as of June 2024)
Chinese share of exports to US, EU, and Japan declining
Sources: China General Administration of Customs (GAC), Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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Outlook for US Banks

Our outlook for the US banking sector is available here.

Banking sector balance sheets are generally in good shape, and credit growth is positive, driven by lending by large banks.

Delinquency rates are peaking on credit cards and auto loans, but restarting student loan payments is a headwind to credit quality and credit growth.

The trade war and Moody’s downgrade have not yet had any impact on the banking sector or credit growth.

Permanently higher interest rates are putting downward pressure on CRE prices for office, multifamily apartments, and healthcare facilities. This remains a problem for banking sector balance sheets.

Banks are more willing to lend, and this is an upside risk to consumer credit
Sources: Federal Reserve, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist
Delinquency rates peaking for auto loans
Sources: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist
Delinquency rates peaking for credit cards
Sources: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist
Credit card delinquency rates at small banks are much higher than at large banks
Sources: Federal Reserve, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist
US office: The nationwide price per square foot is down 40% from the peak
Sources: Bloomberg, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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M&A Activity Very Weak

Measures of M&A activity are approaching the lowest levels in decades, driven by the double whammy of high uncertainty for business planning and interest rates staying higher for longer.

The weak M&A environment will continue.

Why? Because unsustainable fiscal policy is putting upward pressure on long-end rates, while inflation is putting upward pressure on front-end rates, driven by tariffs, reduced immigration, and housing affordability boosting rental inflation.

The bottom line is that fixed income will continue to pay higher all-in yields to asset owners of credit.

M&A activity very weak at the moment
Note: Data uses completed M&A deals from MA<GO> screen on Bloomberg. Sources: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist

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Rapidly Growing Treasury Supply Crowding Out Other Types of Credit Growth

Over the past 12 months, roughly half of all fixed income product coming to the market has been Treasuries, see chart below.

This is not healthy. Half of credit issued in the economy should not be going to the government.

The consequence is that investors need to allocate more and more dollars to finance the government rather than financing growth in the economy through loans to firms and consumers.

The bottom line is that if the level of government debt were significantly lower, more dollars would be available for consumers to buy new cars and new houses, and for companies to build new factories.

Roughly half of all fixed income product coming to the market is Treasuries
Sources: Federal Reserve, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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Public Fixed Income Managers Underperforming Their Benchmark

Over the past 10 years, 98% of active managers in Treasury fixed income funds have underperformed their benchmark. For active managers in public investment grade credit, the share is 82%, and for active managers in public high yield, the share is 79%. In fact, the data below from S&P shows that over the past decade, active managers in public fixed income have underperformed their benchmarks across all strategies, see chart below.

Percentage of public active fixed income funds underperforming their benchmarks
Note: Data as of December 31, 2024, based on absolute return. Sources: S&P SPIVA scorecard, Apollo Chief Economist

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Uncertainty Is High for Businesses

Surveys show that the top three risks for CEOs are geopolitical instability, trade and tariffs, and legal and regulatory uncertainty, see chart below.

CEOs worry mainly about geopolitical uncertainty, tariffs, and regulatory uncertainty
Data is based on “CEO Confidence Declined Significantly in Q2 2025.” Sources: The Conference Board Measure of CEO Confidence in collaboration with The Business Council, Apollo Chief Economist

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First-Time Home Buyers Making Up a Smaller and Smaller Share of the Market

With mortgage rates close to 7% and home prices at all-time highs, the share of first-time home buyers as a share of all houses sold has declined from 50% in 2010 to only 24% today, see the first chart below.

With fewer new households able to enter the housing market, affordability is putting upward pressure on rents, which is a problem for the Fed, see the second chart.

The share of first-time home buyers has declined from 50% to currently 24%
Sources: National Association of Realtors, Apollo Chief Economist
Upward pressure on housing inflation
Sources: Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), Federal Reserve Bank of New York, US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist

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Foreign Arrivals at US Airports Declining

Foreign arrivals at the top 10 busiest US airports continue to decline, see chart below.

Foreign arrivals at US airports declining
Note: Airports included are ATL, LAX, DFW, MIA, ORD, DEN, IAD, SFO, MCO, and JFK. Sources: CBP, Apollo Chief Economist

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